SR9009 is one of those subjects where the details matter more than the headlines. This page pulls together the background, the mechanisms, and the practical points readers ask about most.
Updated 2026-02-12. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2). These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It is not an approved medicine, and its pharmacological profile in humans remains largely uncharacterized. The compound is frequently discussed in the context of circadian biology and metabolic research rather than clinical use.
Preclinical reports have linked SR9009 to improved endurance and altered energy expenditure in rodents. Such findings have prompted interest in whether REV-ERB activation can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. However, the reported effects depend on dose, route, and experimental model, and replication across laboratories is limited. Human trials have not established comparable outcomes, so claims about exercise performance remain speculative. The absence of controlled human data is a central limitation in interpreting these observations.
SR9009 is not approved as a medicine by major regulatory agencies. It is commonly sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside customary drug approval and quality rules. In sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance. Athletes who use it can face sanctions if it is detected in a sample. Legal status varies by country, and importation may be restricted. Enforcement practices differ across borders.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Small molecule; not a steroid or peptide. |
| Primary targets | NR1D1 and NR1D2 | Also known as REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. |
| Studied routes | Intraperitoneal in rodents | Oral bioavailability in humans is not established. |
| Human approval | No approved therapeutic indication | No recognized clinical use. |
| Key uncertainty | Human physiological effects | Preclinical findings may not translate. |
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically handled as research chemicals rather than pharmaceuticals. Suppliers usually state that the material is for research use only and not for human or veterinary administration. Storage recommendations generally call for a freezer at approximately −20 °C, protection from light, and a desiccated environment. The solid is often described as a white to off-white powder. Solubility is commonly reported in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, with low solubility in water.
Analytical identification and purity assessment often use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is used to detect and quantify SR9009 in biological matrices, including urine and blood, for anti-doping or pharmacokinetic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure. Stability depends on form and storage: the solid is generally more stable than solutions, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles may degrade samples. Purity is typically reported as a percentage from a certificate of analysis.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB and strengthens recruitment of corepressor proteins such as NCoR and HDAC3. This increases repression of target genes, including Bmal1 and other clock-controlled and metabolic genes. In rodent studies, such changes have been linked to altered lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and energy expenditure. The precise chain of events between receptor binding and whole-body effects remains an active area of research. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Laboratory studies often administer SR9009 by injection because oral absorption appears poor in rodents. Reported pharmacokinetic properties include rapid metabolism and low systemic exposure after oral dosing. Human pharmacokinetic data are sparse, so absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in people are not well defined. Some research explores related REV-ERB compounds with improved drug-like properties. Regulatory approval for any REV-ERB agonist as a human medicine has not been granted to date.
knockout (KO) A genetic engineering method in which one or more specific genes are inactivated or entirely removed from an organism's genome, by any of a variety of mechanisms which disrupt their expression at some point in the pathway that produces their gene products, such that no functional gene products are produced. This allows researchers to study the function of a gene in vivo, by observing how the organism's phenotype changes when deprived of the gene's normal effects. A complete knockout permanently inactivates the gene; a conditional knockout allows the gene to be turned on or off at will, e.g. at specific times or in specific tissues, by linking the expression of the gene to some easily modifiable biochemical state or condition. In a heterozygous knockout, only one of a diploid organism's two alleles is knocked out; in a homozygous knockout, both copies are knocked out. Contrast knockin.
Kissinger and Nixon both disliked the idea of a "standstill ceasefire," as they felt it would weaken South Vietnam, but fearing the possibility of Nixon not being reelected in 1972 if he were to continue on his present course, the offer was seen as worth the risk, especially since the North Vietnamese rejected it. In private, Kissinger called the "standstill ceasefire" offer as the means that "at a minimum...would give us from temporary relief from public pressures". Subsequently, Kissinger has maintained that Nixon's offer of 7 October was sincere and that the North Vietnamese made a major error in rejecting it.
=== United Kingdom === The following scope of practice has been outlined by the General Dental council for registered clinical dental technologist. Clinical dental technologist in the United Kingdom can:
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
== Research and development == In the 1970s, chemists at Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH, a subsidiary of Boehringer-Ingelheim in Germany, synthesized a variety of enol carboxamides with the aim of obtaining active ingredients with anti-inflammatory or antithrombotic properties. A compound belonging to the oxicams (UH-AC 62, meloxicam) stood out, exhibiting antiinflammatory activity in the pharmacological adjuvant arthritis model, but only low antithrombotic efficacy as measured by platelet aggregation. Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH filed the German basic patent DE2756113 (1979) and Boehringer Ingelheim US patent 4,233,299 (1980) and patents in many other countries.
=== May === 1 May – Former US President Donald Trump arrives in Aberdeen to visit his Scottish golf properties. 2 May – The Scottish Government reverses plans to give £46m to colleges and universities, having identified the money as an "essential saving". 3 May – The SNP signs a contract with a new auditor, Manchester-based AMS Accountants Group. 4 May – Deputy First Minister Shona Robison confirms the Scottish Government will go ahead with its pledge to provide free school meals for all primary school pupils in Scotland. 5 May – Junior doctors in Scotland vote to stage a three-day strike over their demand for a 23.5% above inflation pay increase from the Scottish Government. 10 May – UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak urges the Scottish Government to re-think its plans to introduce Highly Protected Marine Areas in Scottish waters, which would restrict fishing and other human activities to preserve the environment. 12 May – The Stand Comedy Club reinstates an Edinburgh Fringe show to be staged by SNP MP Joanna Cherry after previously cancelling it after it said staff were uncomfortable with her views about transgender people. 15 May – Stagecoach Group launches a driverless bus service on the Forth Road Bridge, believed to be the world's first. 16 May – COVID-19 in Scotland: The rules requiring people to wear face masks in Scottish care homes and healthcare settings come to an end after three years. 17 May First Minister Humza Yousaf attends his first audience with King Charles III at Buckingham Palace.
=== Niche uses === Triethylamine is commonly used in the production of anionic polyurethane dispersions (resins dispersed in water rather than solvents) as a neutralizing agent. Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing fruit flies. It is also used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes. This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification. The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate [(CH3CH2)3NH]+HCO−3) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules. Triethylamine was discovered by the Germans during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was used as a component in the German Wasserfall rocket. The Soviet Scud missile used TG-02, a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethylamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
It is a synthetic compound that acts as an agonist at REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used mainly as a research chemical to study circadian and metabolic pathways. It is not approved for human therapeutic use.
REV-ERB receptors generally repress transcription when bound by natural heme. SR9009 is described as an agonist that enhances this repressive activity. The result is altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.
Published controlled human trials are lacking. Some sources cite limited or unofficial reports, but these do not establish safety or efficacy. Claims about human performance effects remain unverified.
Its legal status depends on the country and intended use. It is not an approved medicine in major jurisdictions. In sport, it is prohibited by anti-doping rules.