Everything below concerns research compound. We keep the language plain, cite what the science says, and separate well-supported claims from open questions.
Last reviewed on 2026-05-17. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
Storage recommendations for SR9009 reference material typically specify a freezer at -20 °C or lower, with protection from moisture and light. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade small molecules and introduce variability. Stock solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide are often aliquoted to avoid repeated handling. Stability studies may examine degradation under heat, humidity, and light exposure. The compound's thiophene and nitro groups can participate in reactions that alter analytical signals over time, so such changes affect quantitative results.
Quality control for research materials includes identity confirmation by nuclear magnetic resonance and purity assessment by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry provides molecular weight confirmation and can detect related impurities. Purchasers should request a certificate of analysis that lists lot-specific data. Online products advertised for human use often lack such documentation. Distinguishing legitimate research material from mislabeled or contaminated samples is a recurring challenge in independent testing, and independent laboratories may use orthogonal methods to verify identity.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually relies on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This approach separates the compound from matrix components and identifies it by mass transitions. Because SR9009 can undergo metabolism, laboratories often look for both parent drug and specific metabolites. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction. Method validation examines sensitivity, carryover, and interference from related substances, and reference standards are required for accurate calibration.
Regulatory and sporting contexts treat SR9009 as a prohibited substance in many elite competitions. Its presence on banned lists reflects concerns about performance enhancement and unknown long-term safety. Analytical chemists have developed methods to detect the parent compound and its metabolites in urine and blood. Literature discussions distinguish between in vitro potency, animal pharmacology, and anecdotal human reports. The latter are difficult to verify because products sold online may lack purity or contain different compounds.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory gene expression. In cell and animal experiments, SR9009 alters transcription of clock-controlled genes and metabolic pathways. The compound is not a hormone and does not resemble classical steroid structures. Its activity depends on binding to the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB, where it can modify corepressor recruitment.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Typical storage temperature | -20 °C or lower | Desiccated and protected from light |
| Common analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Detects parent drug and metabolites |
| Solubility class | Lipophilic; soluble in organic solvents | Low aqueous solubility |
| Molecular weight | 437.94 g/mol | Calculated from reported formula |
| Synonyms | SR9009; REV-ERB agonist | Code name used in scientific literature |
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
SR9009 is not approved as a medicine by major regulatory agencies. It is commonly sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside customary drug approval and quality rules. In sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance. Athletes who use it can face sanctions if it is detected in a sample. Legal status varies by country, and importation may be restricted. Enforcement practices differ across borders.
In rodent studies, SR9009 has been reported to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and improve exercise endurance under some conditions. These findings led to popular descriptions such as an exercise mimetic, although that term oversimplifies the biology. Effects vary by dose, timing, tissue, and model. The compound's influence on circadian pathways means that time of administration can matter in experiments. Whether similar metabolic changes occur in humans remains largely unexplored in controlled published trials.
Pharmacokinetic data for SR9009 are limited in published literature. Some reports indicate low oral bioavailability and rapid clearance in animals, which complicates interpretation of exposure and effect. Researchers often use injected routes in preclinical work to achieve measurable systemic levels. Analytical studies rely on mass spectrometry to detect the parent compound and its metabolites. Questions about tissue distribution, active metabolites, and long-term consequences remain open. Species differences in metabolism can affect observed half-life and target engagement.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory experiments, SR9009 binds these receptors and alters transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. It is not a naturally occurring compound and has no approved therapeutic use. Research interest stems from its ability to modify energy metabolism in cells and animal models.
Analytical chemists detect SR9009 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, commonly abbreviated LC-MS/MS. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction before analysis. Laboratories can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the matrix and the purpose of testing. Anti-doping methods require sensitive and specific assays because concentrations in biological samples can be low. Reference standards and validated methods are essential for reliable identification and quantification.
Regulatory agencies have not approved SR9009 for human therapeutic use. It is typically sold as a research chemical with labels stating that it is not for human consumption. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits the substance in sport, generally under the category of non-approved substances. Customs and national laws may restrict importation, sale, or possession. Product quality and legal status can vary by country and vendor, and therapeutic claims are not permitted in regulated advertising because the compound lacks approval.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, also called NR1D1 and NR1D2. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene programs. The compound was developed for laboratory research, not as an approved therapeutic. Its identity is distinct from steroid hormones and selective androgen receptor modulators. Scientific interest centers on how REV-ERB activation changes gene expression in cells and animal models.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB and strengthens recruitment of corepressor proteins such as NCoR and HDAC3. This increases repression of target genes, including Bmal1 and other clock-controlled and metabolic genes. In rodent studies, such changes have been linked to altered lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and energy expenditure. The precise chain of events between receptor binding and whole-body effects remains an active area of research. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Laboratory studies often administer SR9009 by injection because oral absorption appears poor in rodents. Reported pharmacokinetic properties include rapid metabolism and low systemic exposure after oral dosing. Human pharmacokinetic data are sparse, so absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in people are not well defined. Some research explores related REV-ERB compounds with improved drug-like properties. Regulatory approval for any REV-ERB agonist as a human medicine has not been granted to date.
In Deutschland sind die heimischen Lilien (also Lilium martagon und Lilium bulbiferum) nach der Bundesartenschutzverordnung seit dem 31. August 1980 „besonders geschützt“. In Österreich finden sich alle heimischen Arten der Gattung (neben Lilium martagon und Lilium bulbiferum noch Lilium carniolicum) in den Artenschutzverordnungen der Bundesländer wieder. In der Schweiz steht Lilium bulbiferum auf der „Liste der National Prioritären Arten“.
== Forschungsgeschichte == Lilium wurde vor der grundlegenden Klassifizierung der Pflanzen durch Carl von Linné durch Joseph Pitton de Tournefort 1700 in seinem Werk Institutiones rei herbariae als Gattung gefasst und benannt. Der zu dieser Zeit längst etablierte Name Lilium entstammt dabei möglicherweise einer Sprache der westlichen Mittelmeerländer. Sowohl in hamitischen Sprachen (ilili) wie auch im Baskischen (lili) finden sich verwandte Begriffe für „Blume“. Sicher zurückführen lässt es sich in den ostmediterranen Raum, über das altgriechische λείϱιον lēīrion und das lateinische lilium wurde der Begriff in abgewandelter Form zum Bezeichner der Gattung in der Mehrheit der europäischen Sprachen. Durch Linné wurde die Gattung dann 1753 formal erstbeschrieben. Zur Typusart bestimmten Hitchcock und Green 1929 die Madonnenlilie (Lilium candidum).
=== Pionierarbeiten === Die erste innere Systematik der Gattung lieferte 1828 Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach in seinem Werk Conspectus regni vegetabilis, er unterschied zwei Untergattungen, nämlich Martagon und Eulirion. Dies wurde notwendig durch das Anwachsen der Gattung: Während Linne erst sieben Arten der Gattung zuordnete, umfassten die Lilien 1829 in Joseph August Schultes’ Systema vegetabilium bereits 35 Arten. Weitere Bearbeitungen folgten kontinuierlich (z. B. durch Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher 1836, Karl Sigismund Kunth 1843, John Lindley 1845), während ebenfalls immer weitere Arten neu beschrieben wurden. Als besonders einflussreich erwies sich jedoch ein recht kleines Werk: John Gilbert Baker legte 1871 im Vorgriff auf eine geplante, aber nie verfasste Monographie eine Synopsis zur Gattung vor. Neben einer Beschreibung der Gattungsmerkmale enthielt sie auch eine neue Klassifikation. Er führte darin zwei Untergattungen ein, neben Lilium noch Notholirion. Die Untergattung Lilium wieder unterteilte er in vier Untergruppen, nämlich Eulirion, Archelirion, Isolirion und Martagon.
Bakers Aufsatz gab dem britischen Amateur Henry John Elwes Mitte der 1870er den entscheidenden Anstoß, erstmals eine Monographie zu verfassen, die sich ausschließlich der Gattung Lilium widmete. Als Amateur schrieb er sie jedoch nicht selbst, sondern gewann zahlreiche renommierte Botaniker, darunter Baker selbst, Texte zum Werk beizusteuern. Von 1877 an bis 1880 dann erschien eine durch den Lithographen Walter Hood Fitch illustrierte „A monograph of the genus Lilium“. Bis 1962 erschienen mehrere Ergänzungsbände, das Original wurde aber nicht noch einmal aufgelegt. Seit dem Erscheinen von Elwes' Werk erschien zwar bis in die Gegenwart keine neue Monographie, aber es wurden im 20. Jahrhundert einige Werke veröffentlicht, die zur weiteren Kenntnis der Gattung beitrugen. Ernest Henry Wilsons The lilies of Eastern Asia von 1925 ragt unter ihnen heraus, da Wilson als Pflanzenjäger in China unterwegs war und mit seinem Buch zahlreiche neue Lilien präsentieren konnte. Moderne wissenschaftliche Texte beziehen sich aufgrund des Alters von Elwes Werk häufig auf das eigentlich eher gärtnerisch orientierte „Lilies“ von Edward McRae, das 1998 erschien und zu weiten Teilen auf dem deutschsprachigen Buch „Die Neuen Lilien“ von Carl Feldmaier und Judith Freeman aus dem Jahre 1982 basiert.
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a common approach. It can detect the parent compound and its metabolites in biological matrices.
Research samples are typically kept frozen, desiccated, and protected from light. Stock solutions are often aliquoted to reduce freeze-thaw cycles.
High-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are standard for purity and identity. Mass spectrometry confirms molecular weight.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the REV-ERB nuclear receptors. It is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans are not well characterized.